When Will The International Currency Yuan

"We are cautious about the concept of so-called internationalization of the renminbi," Guo Qingping, Deputy Governor of Central Bank of China.

Like any maturing process in China, beyond the existing target by imposing new currency as an international currency, both political and economic interest, they understand that it will take time and that it must meet certain conditions. It is not just a matter of desire, must also be a matter of capacity. In this sense, the yuan has potentially everything to prevail in a few years as a global currency, even (and most likely) to displace regional yen of his reign.

While the yuan is preparing to establish itself as an international currency in the immediate future in regard to the relationship with the U.S. dollar, analysts believe, according to the Internet Information Center China, that the exchange rate have little pressure the assessment as the U.S. economy remains weak. Since the market is perceived that the yuan will continue trading in a narrow band, which currently has at its center at 6.83 Chinese currency units per U.S. dollar and by virtue of the weakening U.S. currency has been observed against other major currencies implies a weakening of the yuan also with the consequent threat to the bilateral trade balance against China for the major economies.

"The fact that an international currency is made does not depend on a particular country, but the market" Guo Qingping considered. In China it is known that to achieve the objective of internationalizing the yuan, it should make it attractive and necessary conditions exist. Although not its color, the yuan is still green enough to be an international currency.

But despite the yuan still requires time to mature, and several economies have begun to incorporate it as an international reserve currency, and some even agreed to use the yuan in bilateral trade with China. The risk that arises in this sense is linked to the decision to incorporate highly overrepresented within the Chinese currency composition of reserves and bet on a currency that does not respond to market forces and despite being backed by a strong growing economy, has several elements of fragility.

Considering the importance of China as seeking raw materials and thinking ahead, there are many who see the dollar lose prominence in the trade of commodities and the yuan as currency in future participate in trade in commodities. In fact, the Chinese government itself had raised in March, the idea that the dollar is replaced as the world's reserve unit.

For Mark Mobius, who heads the Templeton Emerging Markets Group Asset Management: "Yes, raw materials could be denominated in other currencies. This is already beginning. " Fund managers are supporting the yuan to name the price of raw materials because, as mentioned, China is the world's largest consumer of them.

The yuan broke through the global currency, that can not be denied. But for the Chinese currency may charge a prominent role as an international currency must be freely negotiable, possible that at this time does not seem in the minds of the rulers of China. The importance of sustaining a competitive exchange rate to make exports for growth, (where the U.S. appears as a major destination), maintains the desire to continue with the intervention in the foreign exchange market to prevent appreciation of natural the Chinese currency.

And when you reach the stage of negotiating liberalization of the Chinese currency (to be produced by China's interest and not for U.S. pressure for that to happen), we should not imagine that this will happen without maintaining some degree intervention. This liberalization will be clearly and predictably gradual. Consider just what might happen if the decision to fully liberalize the yuan, compared with China's strong external surplus. This would generate a sharp appreciation of the currency reinforced by speculative actions of investors who would bet in that regard, which would impact heavily on the export dynamics and consequently on economic growth over the difficulties of immediate replacement of foreign demand for domestic demand . This undoubtedly is highly dangerous for an economy must grow at least 8% to prevent absorption problems of the labor force that is permanently integrated into the market, might affect political stability.

What can we expect then about the future of the yuan in the international context? As seen in the actions taken by the Chinese government, we can expect a slow but continuous advance of China's currency to position itself as an international currency.

John Paul Cardinal of The Economist, he realized the start on 28 September, the "" Long March "to dethrone the dollar, the day that the Chinese government plans for the first time, the issuance of bonds in Hong Kong RMB-denominated sovereign worth U.S. $ 878.5 million. Even the Ministry of Finance of China, Xie Xuren, considers the event as a decisive step towards internationalizing the status of the yuan, while the momentum to strengthen Hong Kong as an international financial center.

In recent months it has agreed with the Central Banks of Argentina, South Korea, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Belarus and Indonesia formalizing exchange swap to enable those countries to pay their imports from China in yuan. It has also started to gradually reduce its holdings of Treasuries United States, but such withdrawal can not be violent.

Thus, the yuan moves and each time increasing its international presence, while very few ask Is it a good decision to accept the yuan as an international currency or will be taking a risk to the stability of economies?

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Internet Advertising Jobs - Only Way to Find a Decent Internet Job

The job market has expanded to the internet. Companies are looking for candidates that are prepared to face challenges. Professionals have to apply their knowledge in internet advertising jobs.

You probably have taken a marketing course in school. The ability to connect with a customer is very important. In order to sell a product you should be able to satisfy the needs of your customers. You should know how to identify customer needs. For instance, Paul wants to feed his dog. At first sight, his need is providing food for his dog. However, his real need is showing love and affection to his pet.

A good marketing specialist will create an advertising campaign targeting these types of hot buttons. Even if you aren't working in the marketing department, you should apply this basic marketing knowledge to your job. Identifying the true needs of your customers is important in internet advertising jobs. Companies prefer employees that increase sales ad profitability.

Internet marketing is a throbbing industry. Online spending has increased dramatically in the last years. Important corporations spend millions of dollars advertising their products online. Advertising agencies are focusing in promoting goods online. Internet advertising jobs are a good career option. They are very interesting and help you learn about business.

The salary in internet advertising jobs is OK. But you can earn much more if you advertise products online by yourself. You just have to create advertising campaigns and profit from them. You probably have knowledge from internet advertising jobs that is useful for marketing products.

It is very simple to earn a steady income with an online business if you learn the right techniques.

Wait! If you can't make money with internet advertising jobs, you have major mental issues.

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Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Craig_JR_Williams

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How to Get Your Message Across - Retail Marketing Tips

Too much information!

Trying to cram too much information into too small a space is a classic - and potentially catastrophic - marketing mistake. And you see it all the time in everything from Yellow Page ads to in-store signs.

Yesterday I went to buy a greeting card for my parent's 50th wedding anniversary. On the door to the card shop were no less than NINE signs in varying sizes, colors, fonts, and designs. With topics ranging form their check cashing policy (don't get me started on that one) to the organizations they supported.

Good grief.

There was so much going on that not a single message made it through the clutter and into my brain.

Same problem happens frequently in newspaper ads. An ad will try to highlight the people's choice award the company won, the service guarantee, the broad selection of merchandise, the weekly special offer, the number of years the company has been in business, PLUS give the address, phone number, and business logo with tag line in a 3" X 4" ad.

My head is spinning just thinking about it.

But, hey, I understand why it happens. Those ads aren't cheap and you want to tell everyone as much great stuff about your business as you can to make it worth the money.

Problem is, most people just won't retain ANYTHING if you've overloaded them with information. And then the ad's a real waste of money.

So whenever you're trying to communicate to your customers in a small space - whether it's the sign on your door, your answering machine message, a newspaper ad, or a direct mail postcard - be very clear about what is most important is for them to understand.

And say that.

Leave out all the extra information and they're more likely to actually receive the important message you want them to hear.

Content Copyright © 2008 WhizBang! Training

By Bob Negen

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Hunger Crisis In condemning millions of people

Crisis condemning millions to hunger personasPodrían stay without food and medical care to the survivors. Vanish while the basic tools with which they seek to engage in economic development.

"The impact of this recession will spread to the entire planet," warning the NGO Save The Children. "With the scarcity and cost of food in Africa and Asia, in cooperation with us and are fighting to save tens of thousands of children dying from malnutrition. The situation could lead to a real disaster if, as expected, governments and individuals are cutting their aid now. "

The crisis threatens to reduce the 76,000 million euros that the world has this year allocated to development aid. A significant amount of money, but that does not even a tenth part of what the governments of the United States and the European Union have mobilized to save their financial institutions.

The fear of the cuts are common among UN agencies: World Health Organization (WHO), World Food Program (WFP) and United Nations Program for Development (UNDP) - warn the European Commission, the NGOs and experts.

The crisis will increase costs and reduce the income of developed countries and is expected to reduce their contributions in aid plans.

These contributions to the appeals of international organizations are essential to maintaining the flow of aid to 923 million undernourished people in the world to reduce the figure of 58 million women this year have given birth without medical care or schooling for the 56 million children in Africa and Asia that have not received primary education, according to the FAO and the UN.

A WHO report warning that the differences in life expectancy are abysmal among the richest countries in the world and the hardest hit by AIDS, hunger and poverty in Africa. Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General, contends that these huge disparities in health make the world a "unsafe and unstable place." FAO noted that the rise in food prices over the past two years has increased the number of undernourished people in the world at 73 million.

A person responsible for the World Food Program (WFP), who in 2007 assisted 86 million people in 80 countries, notes that "with the plan to rescue the financial system approved by the United States, WFP could work for over 100 years. If governments have the resources to rescue their banks, insurance must also have to feed the hungry. "

The worst situation is that we do not know what can happen as the crisis is showing ever more profound and extensive. If governments spent as much on financial bailouts and the economy and their incomes are less than needed to cut costs somewhere. The temptation is to do so by any government aid.

International law has no mechanism by which governments are obliged to keep their contributions. At this time, the world needs more than ever a strong commitment and leadership. This crisis has caused the excesses of the richest and most distressing and unforgivable that would end up dying of hunger and curable diseases that millions of people have not even had the opportunity to enjoy the economic boom of recent years.

Developed societies and governments, after years of living in abundance, can not stop hundreds of millions of people without vital aid if things are turning. Now more than ever, it is necessary to remain faithful to the principles of solidarity, said.

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Can the deterioration of the economy to the euro Bringing parity with the dollar?

An incident in Argentina during 2008 and that really struck me powerfully the attention when the fears about the health of the local economy to the Argentine invasion. Traditionally, when the uncertainty take over the Argentine economy, savers are turning to the massive buying of dollars as the dollar has traditionally been one of the few shelters capable of protecting the wealth of the population. In the new episode of uncertainty, the Argentines resorted again to a foreign currency to protect their savings, but the currency was not chosen but the euro / dollar.

I must clarify that this episode was clearly observed in Argentina, was not repeated at subsequent turbulent times of the year, and rarely recur at least in the short and medium term.

One of the lessons that we are delivering the international financial crisis is no doubt that the economy of the euro has misled us to believe that it had greater strength than it actually possesses.



Certainly many will wonder what I mean when I talk about the deception caused by the economy of the euro area. It's just that the crisis erupted, many thought that we were facing the end of the world leadership of the U.S. economy and with it the front end of the dominance of the dollar as the currency leader. Given the vacuum that would result from the collapse of the U.S. as a world leader, the euro area, which suggested some consolidation after nearly a decade working as promised to take that leadership.

In this context, the euro emerged as the new currency capable of challenging the leadership of the dollar. Thus, as many recall, grazed the euro to U.S. $ 1.6 in April 2008 and remained near that value until the end of July began to fall, with attempts to recover through until reach the $ 1.27 today.

But the euro area is not only involved with the toxic assets that caused the subprime crisis in the U.S. infected and that its financial system, but has also been affected by the slump in economic activity in the country demonstrating the high level of dependence on the U.S. economy and has little capacity to domestic demand in the euro to compensate weakening external.

This is demonstrated by the weak economy of the euro in recent times has even questioned the sustainability of both the economic bloc as such (due to the negative consequences that this type of situations experienced by some members of their economies, given the stiffness of action implies that membership), and even the sustainability of the euro.

The truth is that after having lost more than 20% of its maximum value, there is great debate about the evolving relationship between the euro and the dollar. In this connection there are two factors make it likely that the continued weakening of the currency of the euro in relation to the dollar and that the continuity of the context of global uncertainty and the prospects of further deterioration in economic conditions in the eurozone.

Regarding the first factor, there is a high probability that the context of uncertainty remains over much of this year. Not only has complicated the outlook for recovery of the U.S. economy and more to the euro, but has not yet left behind the possibility of occurrence of new episodes of crisis in the banking systems. This fragility is not likely to think of a sustainable recovery in the value of the euro.

With the economic situation of the euro is concerned, the macroeconomic variables show a continuing deterioration. This has meant that economic confidence in the euro continues to fall on his indicator and minced and placed in 65.4 points, its lowest level since it started being measured in 1985.

The economies of the region have experienced during the fourth quarter of 2008 a sharp contraction of its product, but the prospects are even worse for 2009. Most projections anticipate a contraction in GDP for the euro that could exceed 2%.

The weakness in external demand has been one of the determinants of economic contraction in the eurozone. This weakness of the external front is reflected in the current account of the region who lost his position surplus in 2008 and ended with a deficit of 0.7% in terms of GDP.

But not only the euro-zone economies are affected by macroeconomic weakness, are also threatened by the situation that the economies of Eastern Europe that can strongly affect the region. In Austria, Hungary and Romania, the fiscal situation and the health of the banking system is fragile. Since the major economies of the eurozone, has secured support to prevent a crisis situation. Not that Germany and France are countries such solidarity in these times to think about helping the weaker economies only by charity, but a possible collapse of these may involve a negative impact ahondaría the recession of the economies with the euro the close ties that exist (mostly by the financial sector).

In this negative context, the hope for the euro comes from what I can do USA. The U.S. economy has better prospects for economic recovery in the euro, but it may favorably affect the recovery of the euro because it increases the prospects of economic recovery in the euro given the dependence of the strength of the U.S. economy. However, the difficulties facing the U.S. economy despite the many schemes launched, making it difficult to estimate how much time and magnitude with which it can recover. Moreover, the recovery of the U.S. economy may not benefit the euro as it would imply an abrupt change in the direction of monetary policy in order to avoid the generation of a new speculative bubble and that inflationary pressures are excessive, rioja which would encourage the strengthening of the dollar.

In this negative context to what extent the euro may fall in the euro currency?

While the euro has lost value significantly from their peaks, many analysts believe that may still remain devalued against the U.S. currency. The more extreme the proposed article published in the Argentine site "Infobae" raised the possibility that the euro back to parity with the dollar. In this connection, the site reflected the statements of Argentine John Mauldin, president of Millennium Wave Advisors, for whom the collapse of Eastern Europe will have a devastating impact on European banking. According to Mauldin, "Europe is much more at risk than the United States to the lack of financial capacity of many countries to nationalize some banks, whose balance sheets outweigh their GDP."

Despite the poor prospects of the Euro, it is difficult that may break the barrier of U.S. $ 1.20. This act probably as a containment barrier for the European currency. And if the bankruptcy of U.S. $ 1.20 Euro? So it may be dangerously close to parity with the dollar. For these speculations are likely to materialize, the first half of this year will be crucial. Beyond this period, these possibilities will be diluted.

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Crisis? evaluate options!

In these days we hear all around the word crisis and gives terror! we do not know what will happen ... We hear talk of economic recession, what is all that bad, but few talk about what are the keys can help at this time.

In times of crisis need to seek a Plan B, ie look for alternatives.

It is not necessary that unemployment with you and you end up depressed. We know that the situation is bad and that the prospects are not good, but we do not have to abandon the optimism and need to continue looking for other alternatives.

We can not influence the majority of our external situations occur daily, are situations that we go through and we have to adptarnos to it, we can address them in a different way, using the "sleeping giant" that we all have inside, with thoughts positive and mcuha strength to paddle every day looking for another chance!

Negative thinking is contagious. What is known as "vibe" we absorb and leaves us without energia.Tiempos difficult crisis and we have lived and continue living. But we must learn new ways to make things, new perspectives will generate changes in our vision and will help us to get out of the hole in which one encunetra.

I hope these tips give you encouragement and strength to help you do more research and increase llevaderatu hope out of the crisis and not sinking ever deeper into it.

Ms. Natalia Bender

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How come the Mexican economy from the vicious circle in which it is Wrapped?

The U.S. crisis has caused a domino effect on the Mexican economy that fails to reverse the downward trend of its activity. For if they were few problems facing the Mexican economy, they reinforce each other to escalate the situation.

Unemployment in Mexico continues to grow and has reached its highest level in the past eight years. The unemployment rate now stands at 4.84% of the Economically Active Population (PEA), which means that 2,260,000 people do not have a formal job (415,800 more than a year ago).

The outlook for the labor market in Mexico is not anything positive to the confluence of many factors. The crisis that the U.S. economy is suffering along the tightening of migration policies in that country, are generating a large number of Mexicans going back to the country to swell the number of unemployed. Another phenomenon that is affecting the Mexican labor market is the increase of the working age population.

With higher unemployment and increased risk of losing their jobs for those who have, household consumption has been rolled back significantly more in the durable goods. Also, companies have limited their investment projects.

The worst situation faced by both families and businesses has impacted the quality of the loan portfolio of banks. The ratio of nonperforming loan portfolio of banks in Mexico amounted to 3.36% in January (December 2008 amounted to 3.21%). The consumer finance segment experienced an increase in delinquencies reached 8.31% of the total portfolio.

The external environment has affected the state of Mexico. The observed sharp drop in exports meant a sharp fall in income of companies who can not bear with ease.

The external accounts have been significantly affected by the crisis. Andalusia deteriorating trade balance and the service factor is not joined the decline in the volume of remittances. In 2008, Mexico experienced a fall in remittances of 3.8% compared to the volume received in 2007, totaling U.S. $ 25.145 million. The outlook for this year anticipate a continuous reduction in the volume of the same.

So in 2008 Mexico suffered an increase in the external deficit. The current account deficit reached 1.4% of GDP andalusia andalusia accumulate a red U.S. $ 15.527 million.

The positive as far as concerns the external accounts is provided by the reduction of 11.7% in the trade deficit for January over the same month of 2008. The reduction in the trade deficit responds to a drop in the volume of foreign trade in Mexico. Exports fell by 31.5%, while imports did so by 30%.

The increased current account deficit coupled with expansionary monetary policy, affect the foreign exchange market caused the depreciation of the Mexican currency. Thus, since August 2008, the Mexican peso has lost one third of its value. Towards the end of August 2008 in Mexico the dollar traded at $ 10.28. Currently makes $ 14.93 and the market is speculating on the continuity of the currency depreciation.

And risky to the continued weakening of the exchange rate, the Bank of Mexico has come to intervene in the currency market in order to bolster the value of the Mexican peso. This has represented a significant loss of international reserves. The international reserves of the Bank of Mexico has declined to U.S. $ 80,933 and so far this year, they recorded a low of $ 4.508 million.

The weakening of the Mexican peso has not only resulted in the need for intervention by the bank and the consequent drop in the level of international reserves. It has also increased the risk of inflation.

While the inflation rate recorded a decline in retail is not the same thing is happening with the core inflation. While inflation slowed retail andalusia 6.25% during the first half of February, the core inflation rate accelerated to reach 5.81% year, compared to the previous level of 5.76%, this being the highest level reached in more than seven years (and of course, above the target of the Bank of Mexico located in the 3%).

In the opinion gathered by Reuters Luis Flores, an analyst with Grupo Financiero Ixe: "The exchange rate remains the most important determinant for local inflation and therefore for monetary policy."

The risk of inflation together with the weakening exchange rate factors will be limited to monetary policy.

A report by Grupo Financiero Ixe said about the expectations on the evolution of monetary policy: "We expect the Bank of Mexico to continue cutting rates to 6.50% by the end of 2009, but his approach could become more cautious and dependent on the volatility in the peso / dollar, "said Ixe in a separate report. Currently the benchmark interest rate is at 7.5%, after the cut made by the bank last Friday. The communiqué in which it was reported that cutting rates Banxico warned about the inflationary risks of exchange rate volatility product.

I have no doubt that the Mexican economy is in a vicious circle from which there will be no easy exit. Probably the government of Mexico must expand its economic stimulus plan to prevent further deepening deterioration in the economy.

The recovery of the economy is increasingly dependent on the ability of recovery that you can experience the American economy. This is why it is expected that the sector producing tradable goods will be among the first sectors to achieve the recovery when it occurs (probably not before the end of 2009). Be followed closely to companies producing goods in order to identify those with the greatest potential for recovery and expansion.

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More economic self-sufficient in electricity by solar panels

For this mode of application of PV ( 'net savings' or' net metering 'in English) is possible in Spain, it is essential to eliminate administrative barriers to the penetration of technology in the domestic sphere, and that the fabric of the conservative investor confidence and has a market volume of 600 MW after September.

Photovoltaics will be profitable without aid at the time that consumers find it cheaper to buy panels, install and supply of electricity, to buy energy on the grid. That cutoff point between the price of photovoltaic kWh and kWh the electricity grid (known as' parity with the network 'or' grid parity 'in English) can be produced in Spain by 2015 in view of the rapidly descending the costs of solar systems faster than anticipated just a few months ago-and the dramatic rise of energy prices in general.

The scope of parity with the network brings many benefits, both for consumers who experience a significant savings to recoup the initial investment, and for energy dependence and the balance of payments of the country and significantly decreasing the volume of our imports of oil, and for the environment by emissions avoided, or the electrical system, since it will lower the intensity of the peak summer demand, which come into operation by avoiding the expensive and polluting technologies, and frighten away risk of blackouts. Additionally, the implementation of the "net savings"-one of the key elements of a sustainable energy model opens a huge market for photovoltaic systems.

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Rioja Heinrich should not have happened

Tax issues aside, the story of the Kieber-LGT bank owner of the stolen data is a history of dishonesty and fraud.

The dishonesty and fraud in the company are a reality that lawyers and private detectives have been reported, which focuses much of our work. No company is immune to them because at one time or another, can be a victim of the same. From the simple case of workers who do not work until the sale of secrets to rival firms, through the abuse of work tools, the IT fraudulent misappropriation of funds, theft-to-house or co-workers, among others make up a wide range of examples of this reality.

But the Kieber case is different. The information published evidence that the individual had a history of fraud and false traceable to his credit. LGT someone did a good job when he was hired. An investigation into his past history had revealed the falsehood of their curriculum and their criminal background. The problem was that no such investigation took place. Or that was not professionally qualified.

Unfortunately, this is a usual situation in Spain. Daily companies hire people based solely on the resumes they receive, without asking whether the data contained therein are true and complete. Over 80% of CVs submitted false employment history and the type of involvement. Over 60% of cases were lying on the previous wage and more than 25% data omitted jobs where the candidate played serious incidents, financial situation or controversial history for fraud.

The consequences are always serious. A company hired a new chief financial officer. After finding his ineptitude for the job (which would have known with a previous report) comes to his dismissal. It is at that moment when the subject reveals its true nature by requiring the company a compensation of 300,000 euros in exchange for not revealing Hacienda to the irregularities of the company. " Another company hired a new director of information technology and systems. As above, the curriculum was the perfect candidate for the post. A year later the situation was chaotic in the department. An investigation showed that the CV data were false and that the subject had never had their staff in previous jobs. Are not examples. These are two actual cases investigated by GROUP HAS.

In countries like the UK or Germany, verification by private research firms of personal data, financial and work history as part of any selection process. In India, unfortunately, few companies apply this model.

Rioja from Kieber should not have happened. In Spain it is happening every day.

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The Crisis and Your Rpercusión in SMEs need to be taken fully into account

Of course, the implications arising from the current economic financial crisis has led to very serious effects on the economy of many countries, particularly where it originated, the United States has led to the current government of Barack Obama to seek solutions that will not seriously affect the severe recession facing this country and has led to the number of unemployed that there be very important, seriously harming many families who have seen their purchasing power curtailed in favor of acquiring the necessary commodities.

Faced with this reality that has hit many economies, many of its actors, especially the business sector, especially SMEs, it is interesting to explore what they think about that some countries that have already ventured into its implications, this is the case in Argentina , where Universia Knowledge Wharthon provides an interesting analysis, noting that President Barack Obama, faced with this reality, said: "Act fast for the crisis is not a historic catastrophe," of course, this is not very encouraging for this 2009 beginning. Especially in the case of the most influential country on the planet, which went into recession since lost more than 3 million jobs. Against this background, which has strong international implications, the countries of this world, like the Latin American continent, not far from suffering the backlash of chaos.

It is noted that in fact you have to actually add to its severe internal problems: the slowing economy, which during the second half of 2008 grew by 7.1%, the lowest rate of the last 6 years, according to the Institute National Statistics and Census, the crisis in key sectors such as rural, which lost more than 12,000 million dollars as a result of drought and falling prices, the fall in consumption and the possibility of layoffs increase. According to official figures, unemployment in the country reached 7.3%, while education officials say that in 2009, could reach double digits. In fact, some factories have laid off some of their staff before the downturn, or have pre-holiday of their employees.

It is said, is remarkable, as it has fallen buying autos, appliances and buildings, so the government launched plans to encourage consumption through, for example, plans to swap refrigerators and ovens and finance for cars kilometer zero

Very significant when it says that the sector most affected is the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the case of Argentina, even in Venezuela, where the first generates almost 90% of total employment recorded in the country. While no concrete figures, the Undersecretariat for Small and Medium Enterprises and Regional Development (SEPYME) estimates that there are 1,550,000 active SMEs, of which 71% is in the province of Buenos Aires. The agency classifies SMEs as the average annual sales for the past three years, the cut is different according to the sector responsible for the firm. Thus, a service company that bill less than $ 135,000 are considered small, whereas a construction firm that generates sales of less than $ 7 million is classified as medium enterprises.

Therefore, the challenges facing SMEs in 2009 is a long list, which could be summarized in the opinions of experts and DENTICO Henry, a researcher at the Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM): "When all the sectors see a contraction in demand A high domestic interest rate (of at least 20%), prices and margins are not clear, lower profitability, the challenges are significant. One can infer that uncertainty and lack of investment projects will differ, so the profitability will be hit further by making the funding itself has a very high weight to development, "she says.

Jorge Colina, a researcher at the School of Economics, Universidad Católica Argentina (UBA), the problems will be presented at SME exporters as they work for the local market: "The cycle of the Argentine economy depends heavily on the trade cycle internationally. The statistics support the notion that Argentina does well when the international context is favorable, and vice versa. Thus, when foreign trade facilitates economic expansion will benefit all companies, and when external conditions become adverse sales drop for both occurs. Therefore, with recession, both are affected. " Hill adds that "the challenge is ultimately successful on the face of falling sales and supporting customers looking for new

Hill argues that it is not as important to look at how SMEs are focused on the new measures, which are transitory. The analysis should be looking at how effective measures to maintain the level of activity. For an SME, a credit promotion is inadequate if sales fall and costs are out of control. Therefore, what remains important is how the overall economic activity and what are the general conditions of production where the fundamental issue here is labor and tax (either with low social charges for companies or tax reduction), rather than sectoral measures. "

We add KnowledgeWharton Universia thereon were considered, indicating DENTICO Henry, a researcher at the UNSAM argue that "for the short term, employers will be targeted at SMEs have a working capital which does not depend on bank credit that is expensive and low. A very thorough review of who is who in the customer base, to strengthen the relationship with them, while the relationship of credit and collection. Inventories will play an important role in terms of their economic weight in the financial structure. And the relationship with the suppliers to take back and forth, depending on how well you go to my supplier - as to the payment chain. While promotions are perceived as the most be used to maintain the product in the market. "

Everything seems to indicate that the board of George Hill, the AAU, are aimed at "putting the emphasis on reducing costs, making efficient management of human resources, administrative costs and tax, and the organization of production. And from these achievements in order, find new products and new channels and ways of marketing and promotion. But there is little point in the new and good ideas if a sudden loss of profit generated by the crisis quickly down the sustainability of the company. "The researchers emphasize the costs of internal control because they also affect the rise in public services such as light, transport, gas. The unions, aware of this situation, as new demands are being planned for its members. In that sense, DENTICO explains that "hit rate increases very strong in the final cost for the power (electricity and gas) companies have much impact on intensive use of energy sources, thereby reducing the scope to operate in a rarefied atmosphere, as Claudio Cabillas owner of a small supplier of inputs for the oil industry that supplies the local market, regional and Africa. Meanwhile, I think the decision on the bid SMEs will pay a worker where the employer can become more flexible, but this does not imply a severe impact on costs. "

Venezuelan responsible management of SMEs have to relocate to the effects of this reality, namely to determine its scope, especially when the country's business sector, especially SMEs, face serious problems of survival, even a decade ago, when the government of President Hugo Chávez began his statement by expressing a socialist ideology for the country, leading to the Bolivarian revolution, which has led a turbulent scene, uncertain, risky, where many SMEs have disappeared, and those that still remain, do with fear, uncertainty.

A large number of SMEs that are facing serious funding problems, productivity, competitiveness, entrepreneurship, getting a lot of work to reduce its staff and others to participate in the market with a product that does not guarantee true competitiveness as the existing venues require. Of course there are some who have managed to cope, however, are now added the world economic crisis where management should focus on action plans to ensure their survival, namely the opportunities.

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What changes may occur in the economy after the Referendum?

Venezuela is close to deciding whether to accept the constitutional reform that would allow Hugo Chávez to be re-elected indefinitely as president of Venezuela. The continued deterioration of the economic situation in Venezuela that Chavez forced to rush the constitutional reform as it still has the political power necessary to do so.

The political environment that is more hectic in Venezuela. Cross-accusations flying between those who support the constitutional reform and those who oppose it. Unusually, Chavez denounced a plot against him despite the great power it shows in their country.

Since the ruling indicated that the surveys would be success stories for each other to achieve Chavez constitutional reform. The reality indicates that there is still no clear trend.

The opposition is moving at full speed, but paradoxically, the strongest of the opposition representing the students. The student movement, responsible in large measure on who suffered the first defeat Chavez at the polls in 2007, has not been idle and has been mobilizing to prevent the current Venezuelan president remain in power achieved.

The student movement has a high level of influence over the population. Según Luis Vicente León, director de la encuestadora privada Datanálisis: “Tienen un alto nivel de respeto, un alto nivel de conexión popular y son muy atractivos desde el punto de vista del envío de comunicación y mensaje, porque son aceptados por todos los estratos socioeconómicos .

Important to the power achieved by the student movement, the opposition alliance has sought to address the same one that Chavez uses everything in its power to confront the university.

Given the high rate observed in the referendum, it will be running the vote to see where they lead Venezuela.

But once the end of the referendum, the result beyond, Venezuela must deal with major emergencies that are presented in the economic sphere.

Among the major emergency, the currency issue remains at the forefront of the concerns of the Venezuelan government. Currently, every dollar is exchanged for 2.13 units bolívar strong. This parity is maintained since April 2005 and since that time Venezuela has suffered high levels of inflation (currently over 30% year) that have severely affected the competitiveness of the economy by the strong appreciation of real exchange rate.

Alberto Ramos, an analyst at Goldman Sachs, was the exchange rate issue, saying: "It is expected that very soon, possibly after the referendum on Sunday, the government adjust the exchange rate."

According to Ramos, the nominal exchange rate should reach 4 bolivars strong move to near its equilibrium level. However, there are two problems with the current situation of the Venezuelan economy. The first is that an adjustment of the magnitude required by the nominal exchange rate would produce strong inflationary pressures, which impact mainly in the segments of the population with fewer resources.

Additionally, the acceleration in inflation would cut short a time, much of the benefits of the devaluation of the Venezuelan currency. The second problem is that Venezuela is related to the dynamic that has reached the rate of inflation that prevents the execution of an adjustment in one step. The current rate of inflation requires a continuous adjustment of the exchange rate so that it can maintain a certain level of competitiveness. The problem is to make such an adjustment was gradually reduced to zero and not the opposite happen to amplify with time (the latter possibility appears more likely).

Beyond the issue of exchange rate competitiveness and despite the resistance offered by the Chavez government to change the exchange rate, Venezuela has an additional incentive to devalue its currency and is related to the performance of its fiscal targets. Is that the main source of revenue comes from the country's oil exports by PDVSA. Thus an exchange rate devaluation would increase the country's income, measured in local currency, thus enabling the coverage of the budget.

The need for currency devaluation to achieve the budget target is based on the poor outlook for the price of a barrel of oil it very difficult to achieve the expected value in the budget this year. The average market expects the value of a barrel of oil exceeds U.S. $ 45 by end of this year. Yesterday, the Texas oil traded near $ 35 a barrel.

Since the Chavez government is reviewing measures to close the tax gap without having to resort to currency devaluation. The decision not to give in to the currency devaluation is more political than logical reasoning. May be reached to postpone the exchange rate adjustment, but this will result in greater negative consequences.

While the exchange rate issue is a matter of concern to the Venezuelan government, the main problem in the current economic model, which has given clear signs of exhaustion. The Venezuelan economy is in serious danger of contraction this year. For the former manager of economic research of the Central Bank of Venezuela José Guerra, the country joined stagflation phase (mixture of recession with inflation). War an estimated contraction of GDP in Venezuela of 1.5% and 2.5% and the rate of retail inflation to reach 35%. According to Guerra, "It drains a model based on the business role of the state."

Faced with the exhaustion of state business model, a general weakening of the power of Chavez and the great risks that this implies for the stability of the economy, the president of Venezuela should take urgent steps to reduce tensions that have been exposed same. On measures to be implemented by the government anticipates War "is to implement an adjustment model is not announced."

When it remains unclear which position will be imposed in the referendum next Sunday, there is total clarity and consensus that the economy needs urgent reforms and changes that prevent it moves towards a crisis. Will Chavez decided to do it or will remain inflexible to ignore a situation that does not stand much longer?

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The Scope of the Knowledge Economy and Innovation

"Probably the great evolutionary leap between hominids occurred the day that one of those people were able to intuit what I was thinking another member of their group. Knowing what your partner was thinking allowed him to help ... or manipulating it. This tendency to convince the others of our own views or try to manipulate them does not seem to be interrupted since then "

Eduardo Punset

Major changes in recent years have come about in the economic scenarios of the different countries of this planet Earth, more and more information becomes more dynamic. No doubt the great purposes which has computing, as we said José Fernández Enebral in Virtual Society Relations, and it is true that the so-called social networks are becoming a very significant dimension: it points to the Social Software as something revolutionary. But despite any reservations, it must be aware of the emerging knowledge economy and innovation.

The dynamic behavior of the economic trade is increasingly aggressive, which clearly shows that firms that have led to changes in their organizational structures, management of an aggressive, creative, innovative manufacturing products with quality assurance to a good service and adequate information, are the ones that really succeed, conquer markets and generate new needs of consumers they serve, many of them leading in a significant dependence on the companies that it provides.

Definitely, many countries have led to the conquest of markets not only national but international, that have developed from all that efficient information society with its modern technology generates. Andalusia Enebral respect that shows for example

Spain should be among the most advanced countries in information technologies and communication, but also all depends on how we interpret the idea of the Information Society, perhaps because they often interpret it as "Society of Informatics and Telecommunications."

Nevertheless adds in seminars attended andalusia regard feedback was already mainly sight something consume but feedstock fundamental economics knowledge feedstock from which extract longed namely for conveniently apply for prosperity.
Computing and Telecommunications is inexcusable, but the knowledge is valuable and applicable information comes from a rigorous and appropriate to enable us easily. It is true that we handle a lot of information on businesses, is plentiful, but perhaps not always enough and appropriate, nor is it sufficiently rigorous and easy to translate into valuable knowledge and application.
We may be doing wrong and false apprenticeship learning, and perhaps errors in the decisions because the information is not reaching the proper quality, or properly evaluated. We have good networks and good support, but in some cases, information poor.

Makes the warning that the information we use in business has always meant that appears, and can not believe everything you read in print or electronically. It is true that each of us perceives reality in its own way, depending on their beliefs, feelings, values, concerns and desires, but we can also see us with incomplete, misleading, inaccurate or manipulated. Thus, if we add the possible lack of quality information with the tendency of the brain (because of its many "filters") to deceive, the result could be unreliable.

Definitely need a good information literacy, which the companies operate properly, which will inculcate in all its human resources to identify and know the business, where the data banks of information professionals in a user-friendly information system soon to learn and to generate good results.
To the extent that knowledge is more productive for the operation of firms, their competitiveness, thanks to new technologies, developed new styles of management, it is necessary not to overlook how this affects productivity, employee performance and motivation for their innovative talent to benefit all.

This is without doubt due to all these developments, the changes in the economy, to marketing has led to a new knowledge worker, as noted Enebral needed, of course, a good dose of "informational dexterity "... in this regard stresses the importance, Drucker noted that about it, who lay their profile indicating areas:

Visible degree of personal and professional development.
Digital dexterity and informational.
Autonomy in the performance and learning.
Creative and innovative capacity.
Loyalty to the profession and quality in work.
This worker is, therefore, indicates Enebral, a valuable asset to the knowledge economy straight, but let me recall that the manual worker is not necessarily out of this profile, because there are crafts that require great doses of knowledge, without resorting to the example of the surgeon or dentist. All work is needed in society, and most of them require an expertise which should be updated periodically, probably without the assumption of new roles and responsibilities for workers. Neither identify the employee's university to know its origin: almost all we have to learn continuously and therefore suitable to handle information
Specifically, this shows a great knowledge economy where you need to be prepared to operate effectively in it and ensure participation to organizations to enable them to achieve the results you demand that economy.

Consider what Enebral says Fernandez, who claim that economy aprendedores professionals who are permanent and that your individual competitiveness, contribute to the collective. We must develop our abilities and strengths of humans and the need to convert knowledge into valuable and applicable information available. But if there is a gap between knowledge and information, as there is between it and technology, we also found the gap between knowledge and the high performance, and between knowledge and innovation. Improve our productivity and competitiveness happen, without ruling out other challenges, either by solving these four hiatuses in each company.

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POSITIVE ASPECTS OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS

Tired of shelling news and sharp comments that are prevalent in any company aisle I have to see about the real extent of the global economic crisis and to consider carefully whether, as between dismal picture can as individuals to find positive aspects or opportunity at this time of sorrow and strategies I have found some very important not only to curb the effects of the crisis will inevitably our focus on micro-economic but also show us a light to take advantage of great opportunities both at work and personal.

Because of the level of speculation that has been subjected to the global economy and rising inflation, thanks to which we have had to increasingly raise funds for the procurement of goods and services, we will see in the near future that these levels increase historic finally suffer a slowdown or decline very important worldwide. Our money will have greater purchasing efficiency, it is highly advisable not to waste our savings at this point, begin to buy the products you want when the levels of inflation negative indicators, and surprised us before and now on the quantity of products so that we can buy small amounts of money.

We also experienced an increase in the price of fossil fuels over recent years in some parts of the world has reached double its value per gallon as it is short and demand is increased gradually producing prices continue to fall, allowing the use of our vehicles is more convenient in terms of fuel is concerned, so if you have a good holiday planned for land close to the time that will encourage you, as the savings to almost andalusia 30%.

The food value has increased mainly due to:

1 - Increased global demand and

2 - Thanks to the increase in the price of transport caused by the high cost of fuel. Well, as we saw a moment ago, decreasing fuel prices the price of these products fall in the same proportion, so while some say the time has come ... forced diet projections say the opposite, that if and as everything that we consume must be done in moderation.

Perhaps the biggest problem that will yield the global crisis will be the
Unemployment affects mainly the employees of large multinationals, SME sectors will have the opportunity of their lives, as the high costs of production and maintenance of the workforce of its giant competitors will decrease the supply of their products, so it is the time to start to compete with quality, low prices due to a reduction of the positioning of the brands.

Moreover, for those who succeed in losing their jobs, not all is lost, the world economy will recover after overcoming the crisis, so in the medium term, everything back to normal. Of course, if you decide to return to their companies, I say this because it is the perfect opportunity to start their own businesses, the reasons ...

1 - The economic slowdown will lead banks to lower their lending interest rates, so if you need capital, we can get a low interest.

2 - As the import of manufactured goods is declining be disruption of some products, if you have a good eye, the entrepreneur can recognize which path to take to meet the demands of the market and begin to position your own company creating jobs and helping to gradually standardize the economic pace.

You can also submit your best as chief, given your experience in your old job is that you know what he likes in terms of treatment and chances of promotion to a good worker, also learn to appreciate the opportunities and seize them when they appear.

The volatility of the exchange market and the shares or securities are also a very good investment opportunity due to the depreciation that some companies have experienced, this will allow those with some savings to invest their money, taking advantage of big companies have suffered casualties of up to 30% in the value of their shares. So if you can encourage in the future, after the recession an excellent return when the stock market returns to its initial value does not recommend more that if they want to do this kind of investment advice is a very good experienced rider.

To save costs, some companies are building cutting-edge thinking in the form of - tele-work - ie that people who previously had to travel to businesses to be able to do their work from home (obviously not all charges). This saves the costs of worker displacement, decrease your stress level and improve their quality of life and productivity. It is highly recommended for companies because it saves significantly in terms of their expenses and disability risks at work, food supplies, utilities, stationery, among others. Another great advantage of this system is that you will spend more time at home recovering those beautiful moments with family that are lost by the duties.

Another great advantage of this crisis is the increase in the tourist service offerings, thanks to the phenomenon recessive designed hotels and airline strategies really cheap to travel with a quality service at a price of five stars from three. The same price decrease would be in other sectors that depend directly on the capital increase, such as the automotive, appliances, etc., so ... it is time of opportunity.

In these changing times we must look closely at our opportunities without being carried away by what they say pessimists, while the crisis is strong part of the economic cycle and is one more, so it is said that in times of crisis about cry y otros venden pañuelos, yo elegí ser del segundo grupo, concibiendo alternativas desde una mentalidad y actitud realmente positiva, que apela al ingenio de nuevas posibilidades de obtención de recursos, que busca la manera de mejorar mis labores a diario, así que te invito muy especially to share with those people full of negativity that the crisis will be disastrous for those who do not open their eyes to the world of possibilities and who remain always in the conformist, not a winner like you.

Do not lose your way in finding a way of better opportunities for your family and yourself, if you find it, thank you all because your actions progressively restore those lost jobs, increase your value while the others only rioja divided, and as the great Albert Einstein said "If you want different results, do not do the same thing" takes away from the group of the whining and just so, change, and improve your potential comprometiéndote achieve the desired state as human ... excellence, because not everything is as bad as it seems and always worth a look at all the positive side, always remember that you are the sole owner of your decisions.

Wilman Roa Franco
International lecturer. Author, Psychologist
CEO Win Work Consultores
http://www.winworkconsultores.com

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Who can or should be involved in the insurance change?

Self-employed, freelancers and officials always have the opportunity to work in a private health insurance (PKV) to change. Employees must meet certain conditions. How can workers only from the statutory health insurance coverage and make change in the insurance, social insurance if the annual gross income over the insurance limit. These include the monthly salary and the holiday and Christmas bonuses, and all regular services. With the adopted health care reform, the beginning of 2007, this scheme has been exacerbated. Thus, today a social security employee first three full calendar years the annual earnings limit is exceeded, and this is expected in the fourth calendar year, then at the beginning of the fourth year in the switch to private health. Private health insurance can also be students. This can be compared to a later entry advantages, if an option price at the start is included, because the adoption of the contribution and the state of health after the entry date set. For certain illnesses, or not healed up injuries or illnesses may need additional premiums paid. The insurers assess the individual diseases, but very different, so worth it before the start of the contract estimates anonymous questions, an experienced insurance broker to ensure that the exploration of tenders with difficulties before the application is possible. A change in the insurance mostly worthwhile for singles, double and family n with a child. For children and the non-working spouse have personal contributions in the insurance paid, so is not only the current but also the planned family status is crucial. The insurance offers a wide range of benefits that are included in the price and in the Gestaltungsart express. For the age are also recorded so that the later stage, the contributions can be kept low. But beware, for a health insurance change, these reserves lost, however, this applies only to tariffs, before 31.12.2008 have been agreed. For contracts from the insurance 01.01.2009 closed, to the right of those age provision in a later exchange, with the new Private Health Insurance to transfer. The disadvantage of the portability of old-age provisions, however, a rise of the new tariffs by about 10% to 20%, therefore, who in 2008 on the change in a PKV it, is well advised to act before 2009.
Contact person: Richard Mettler
E-mail: presse@mettlerweb.de

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The service in promotion of new work

Living in a new area, just minutes from the city, with all the necessary services is an option for many developers are betting that the region to face a more demanding customer that seeks a home and a shopping center , an entertainment area or a highway.

This customer, not just buying a house becomes a place to live, services, infrastructure. Residential swimming pools, gardens or urbanisations closed all security checks are now in the trend of many promotions for new work.

The promoters of the Murcia region are carrying out development projects that bring added value to the traditional block of flats equipped with all kinds of services and benefits that respond to the needs of this new demand.

Residential neighborhoods or go to a new profile of buyers who love silence, seeking to isolate themselves from the mass of urban centers and have access to shopping malls, sports halls, schools or day care without the need for large displacements.

Murcia major urban developments grouped these conditions. Houses built in the north of the city, on the Avenida Juan Carlos I, Juan de Borbon, or around the malls and New Condomina Thader are designed for this customer.

Even in the suburbs, closer to nature, this concept makes sense. Residencial Pinar Sangonera, for example, is a housing project Pinar Group, located in the parish of Sangonera La Verde, surrounded by nature, near the Sierra de Carrascoy, with communal pool and garden areas.

Also Residential Rosaleda of Hansa Urbana is located in the same area. A project of 38 houses with swimming pool and common areas within minutes of all necessary services.

Services, ultimately providing an added value of new promotions, responding to a new customer looking for an apartment in addition to some additional services.

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More economic self-sufficient in electricity by solar panels

For this mode of application of PV ( 'net savings' or' net metering 'in English) is possible in Spain, it is essential to eliminate administrative barriers to the penetration of technology in the domestic sphere, and that the fabric of the conservative investor confidence and has a market volume of 600 MW after September.

Photovoltaics will be profitable without aid at the time that consumers find it cheaper to buy panels, install and supply of electricity, to buy energy on the grid. That cutoff point between the price of photovoltaic kWh and kWh the electricity grid (known as' parity with the network 'or' grid parity 'in English) can be produced in Spain by 2015 in view of the rapidly descending the costs of solar systems faster than anticipated just a few months ago-and the dramatic rise of energy prices in general.

The scope of parity with the network brings many benefits, both for consumers who experience a significant savings to recoup the initial investment, and for energy dependence and the balance of payments of the country and significantly decreasing the volume of our imports of oil, and for the environment by emissions avoided, or the electrical system, since it will lower the intensity of the peak summer demand, which come into operation by avoiding the expensive and polluting technologies, and frighten away risk of blackouts. Additionally, the implementation of the "net savings"-one of the key elements of a sustainable energy model opens a huge market for photovoltaic systems.

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